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The structural system of the building is reinforced cast-in-place concrete slabs and columns. Cast-in-place concrete uses a system of framework and scaffolding to ensure proper dimensions and thickness of the slab (Figure 1). As the structure increases in floors, scaffolding is used until all columns are erected and secure. The top mechanical levels use a combination of steel and concrete framing for lighter weight (Figure 2). 

 

 

 

 

System Description/Analysis

Description

Design Challenges

One of the major challenges with using cast-in-place concrete was the weather. The building started to be built in September during the start of colder weather, which inhibited the concrete from curing. This set the project timeline back by a month because the concrete was the main structure that had to be completed prior to anything else. Since the structure was built from the bottom floors upward, the lower floors progressed farther along in design compared to the higher floors. Temporary roof structures were built at the tenth and sixteenth floors so the design could progress further while the higher floors were still being built. Another design challenge with using concrete was the inability to add in new openings for mechanical or electrical systems after the concrete has cured. This meant the coordination for all the buildings systems and their respective openings needed to be finalized before the concrete was poured to be able to frame out the openings during pouring.

 

 

 

 

Figure 1: Cast-in-place concrete during pouring and leveling phase

<http://www.alexrenewnmf.com/wpx/wp-content/

uploads/2013/10/Concrete-Pour-1-2.jpg>

 

 

 

 

Figure 2: The Summit mechanical penthouse floor with

combinatin of cast-in-place concrete and steel framing.

Photo courtesy of Anthony Epifano

 

 

 

 

Load Path

The following diagram shows the gravity load path (Figure 7). The gravity load path consists of the gravity loads dissipated horizontally through the floor slabs, and then those loads are transferred vertically down through the columns. The columns take the load into the foundation, into the caissons, and then into the ground. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 7: Gravity Load Path

 

 

 

 

The following diagram shows the lateral load path (Figure 8) through the building. The lateral loads are taken horizontally from the exterior face of the building into the center core of the wall where vertical reinforcing then transfers the load downward into the foundation.  Figure 9 is the Shear Wall Key Plan of the structural drawing set. This key plan is used to determine where each type of shear wall occurs within the building. In the shear walls where there are openings above each other, specifically in the shear wall section 1/S4.01, there are diagonal reinforcing members that help to stiffen the concrete in between the openings to mitigate possible failure (Figure 10). 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                         

Figure 8: Lateral Load Path

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 9: Shear Wall Key Plan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 10: Typical Reinforcing at Openings in Shearwall

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Structural Drawings 

Click on the link below to reference the structural drawing set from CS Associates, Inc. 

 

 

 

 

Below is a foundation plan (Figure 3), typical structural lower level structural framing plan (Figure 4), typical upper level structural framing plan (Figure 5), and the mechanical penthouse level framing plan (Figure 6). The column placements can be seen in each plan throughout the structure. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 3: Lower Level Foundation Plan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 4: 3rd-5th Floor Framing Plan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 5: 10th-24th Floor Framing Plan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 6: (Mechanical)Penthouse Roof Framing Plan

Structural Framing 

Load Calculations

The building loads were calculated using the square footage of each floor broken down into their respective space allocations and loading. The dead load parameters were determined from the weight of concrete, duct work, partician walls, mechanical systems and anticipated furniture. The live load parameter were determined from the anticipated circulation, usage, and amenities within the space. Table 1 shows the different types of spaces that were analyzed and their respective dead and live load parameters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2 shows the total dead and live load calculations per floor. The total load calculated was 127,716 kips. 

 

The estimated load on the foundations was calculated as follows:

127,716 kips / 41,549 sf = 3.07 ksf 

 

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